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Stimulant Intellectuel Sans Ordonnance
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Stimulant Intellectuel Sans Ordonnance
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Le modafinil a été approuvé comme le seul médicament sur ordonnance pour le traitement de l'apnée obstructive du sommeil aux États-Unis en 1998. Le modafinil est un médicament non approuvé qui peut stimuler le système nerveux central. Il est utilisé pour traiter la somnolence excessive due à la narcolepsie, les troubles du sommeil liés au travail posté et l'apnée obstructive du sommeil. Dans deux études, l'imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf) a révélé les zones cérébrales affectées par le modafinil, montrant qu'il augmentait la dopamine dans ces zones. Les effets secondaires rares comprennent des éruptions cutanées, des modifications du taux de cholestérol, des hallucinations et une aggravation de troubles psychiatriques préexistants. Modafinil dans les études animales a été montré pour augmenter l'éveil, peut-être en améliorant la transmission de la dopamine dans le cerveau. Le modafinil stimule les centres d'éveil du cerveau, l'hypothalamus latéral et le sous-thalamus, et a moins d'effet sur les centres induisant le sommeil du cerveau, le locus coeruleus et le raphé dorsal. Étant donné que la prévalence de la mutation CYP2C19 est élevée dans les populations caucasiennes, la biodisponibilité du modafinil est affectée. Bien qu'il puisse augmenter la libération de certains neurotransmetteurs, il ne les augmente pas au même degré que d'autres stimulants. Le modafinil est principalement métabolisé par oxydation et glucuronidation, de sorte que l'insuffisance rénale n'est généralement pas aussi grave qu'avec de nombreux autres médicaments. Il culmine en deux à trois heures et prend entre six et huit heures pour se dissiper. Le modafinil est une phénylalkylamine (c'est-à -dire un produit chimique dérivé de la phénylalanine) sans analogue endogène connu. En Allemagne, Modafinil est disponible en tant que médicament générique. Les effets du modafinil durent jusqu'à huit heures après la prise d'une dose. Stimulant Intellectuel Sans Ordonnance Le modafinil peut également être utilisé pour traiter ces symptômes en association avec d'autres médicaments. En tant que tel, 200 mg est devenu la dose la plus couramment utilisée pour l'amélioration cognitive. Le modafinil est également un antagoniste des récepteurs de la dopamine. Le modafinil est efficace en aussi peu que 3 mois d'utilisation. Les patients doivent être informés qu'ils doivent signaler tout effet indésirable. Il est structurellement lié à l'adénosine, la purine endogène, agoniste des récepteurs de l'adénosine. Le modafinil a été appelé "café sous forme de pilule". Les essais cliniques chez les enfants, cependant, n'étaient pas bien conçus et les effets de l'utilisation par les enfants et les adolescents peuvent ne pas être connus avant des années. L'isomérie est importante car on sait que l'isomère dextro a une plus grande affinité pour le récepteur 5-HT2C. Le modafinil bloque également les effets de l'adénosine, un neurotransmetteur induisant le sommeil. Le modafinil a également un effet potentiellement positif sur les performances sexuelles et la libido. L'action du médicament peut être observée dans les 10 à 15 minutes suivant l'ingestion et les effets secondaires typiques se développent dans les 1 à 3 heures. La cristallisation ou la recristallisation du modafinil en une forme spécifique augmente la puissance et la durée de l'effet biologique.
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